Radian Aerospace

World’s first fully reusable horizontal takeoff and landing, single-stage to orbit spaceplane, delivering people and light cargo to low earth orbit (LEO) and multiple terrestrial destinations with aircraft-like operations.

Created: 2020-12-29

Updated: 2025-09-06

Company - Radian Aerospace

Founded
Country: 2016; USA

Funding: $32M

Website: https://www.radianaerospace.com/

Social

Product/Service - Radian One

Classification: Human Spaceflight & Landers

Category: Transport Service (Earth-LEO)
Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)
Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)
Human Spaceflight
Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Fields: Single-Stage-To-Orbit (SSTO)
Reusable

Status: Development

First launch: Not announced

Once in space, Radian expects the spaceplane to dock with the ISS or future commercial space stations, or complete free-flying tourism, earth observation, and satellite maintenance missions.

Radian One is the world’s first crewed, single-stage to orbit vehicle with runway-like takeoff and landing. Our fully reusable, aircraft-like configuration requires far less infrastructure than vertical launch systems and can be reflown within 48 hours.

Notes

Radian Single Stage to Orbit Space Plane, 2024-10-09.

Link

Product/Service - Radian Reusable Reentry Vehicle (R3V)

Classification: Cargo Transportation & Landers

Category: Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Fields: Space Capsule

Status: Development

First launch: 2026

Radian Reusable Reentry Vehicle (R3V)

Radian Aerospace (Radian), developers of the world's first fully reusable, horizontal takeoff and landing, single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane, today announced the launch of a new technology platform: the Radian Reusable Reentry Vehicle (R3V). Designed to generate near-term revenue while advancing key technologies for Radian One, the R3V platform is a key enabler for defense and commercial customers developing next-generation hypersonic and spaceflight systems.

R3V is a modular, aerodynamically controlled, and recoverable vehicle capable of flying high-speed, high-stress flight profiles—from launch through hypersonic transition, reentry, and targeted landing. It offers a flexible platform to test advanced materials, sensors, avionics, and thermal protection systems under realistic flight conditions. The vehicle’s reusable design reduces cost and increases operational cadence, supporting faster iteration and development.

While distinct from Radian One, R3V is built on the same core technologies, materials, and design principles, creating a direct path for knowledge transfer. The vehicle incorporates Radian’s patent pending Dur-E-Therm thermal protection system, a next-generation material engineered to withstand the extreme heat and structural demands of SSTO-class flight. Insights gained from R3V test flights will inform critical elements of the Radian One mission platform, including aerodynamic performance, blended guidance and control, and the operability of subsystems such as thermal protection and propulsion integration.

R3V fires thrusters to adjust its orbit and reentry time and location.
“R3V is not just a test vehicle—it’s a strategic asset that unlocks critical mission opportunities for our customers while helping advance the Radian One mission platform,” said Livingston Holder, Chief Technology Officer at Radian. “It enables us to fly sooner, learn faster, and demonstrate the kind of operational tempo and system maturity needed to make space access more routine, flexible, and cost-effective.”

R3V has already attracted interest across the national security community for its relevance to hypersonic technology development and tactically responsive space concepts. Its capabilities enable real-world testing of reentry systems, flight controls, materials, and even sensor payloads at speeds exceeding Mach 5, with precision recovery and rapid turnaround. The system is well-suited to support both developmental programs and operational experimentation.

“Everything we fly, build, and test is designed with one goal in mind: fielding the most operationally responsive space access platform in the world,” said Richard Humphrey, Chief Executive Officer of Radian. “R3V gives us the ability to serve urgent national defense needs while de-risking key systems for our flagship platform.”

The debut of R3V follows Radian’s recent reveal of PFV01, its first prototype flight vehicle, and a successful round of taxi tests that marked a major step forward for the company’s full-scale spaceplane. With the introduction of R3V, Radian adds a complementary platform to drive financial returns, and further strengthens its position as a leader in next-generation space and defense mobility.

The Seattle-based company hopes to fly the vehicle in early 2026, although Holder says the company needs to hire more engineers and raise additional funds to get R3V flying. Radian has raised $32M since its founding in 2016, with the last round in 2022.

Created: 2025-08-12

Updated: 2025-09-06

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Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Dormant

e.Nova Aerospace

Back From Space (BFS)

Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Early stage

EARS Project

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Reusable Satellite

Concept, Development

ElevationSpace

ELS-R, ELS-RS

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Foton Spacecraft

Foton

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Retired

Genesis-SFL

GEN

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Research Payloads

Development

GTL

Hyperion

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Transport Service (LEO-Moon), Commercial Lander, Commercial Lunar Lander, Space Tug, Orbital Transportation

Early stage

HStar Space Transport

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Early stage

In Orbit Aerospace

Retriever, Resource Exchange Module (REX)

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Persistent Platform, Robotic Space Station, In-Space Logistics

Development

Inbound

Reusable Satellite, Returnable Satellite, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Independence-X

MERCAP

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Early stage

Interspace Explore

ZengZhang

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Earth-LEO)

Development

Interstellar Space Technologies

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), In-Space Manufacturing, Space Construction Company

Early stage

Intuitive Machines

Zephyr, URV (Universal Re-entry Vechicle)

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Development

Inversion

Ray, Arc

Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Manufacturing, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Development, Launched

JAXA

HSRC (HTV Small Re-entry Capsule), HTV, HTV-X

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Lunar Lander

Demonstrated

LEAP

In-Space Manufacturing, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Logispace

Transport Service (Re-Entry), On-Orbit Servicing, Transport Service (LEO-GEO), In-Space Logistics

Logispace

Early stage

Lux Aeterna

Reusable Satellite, Returnable Satellite, Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Development

MKB Raduga

VBK-Raduga

Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Dormant, Discontinued

NewSpace Systems

Glide2

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Hardware

Development

Orbital Bridge

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Early stage

Orbital Paradigm

Kestrel

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Reusable Satellite, Commercial Space Station, Robotic Space Station, In-Space Platform, Persistent Platform, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Outpost

Ferry, Cargo Ferry, Carryall

In-Space Manufacturing, Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Development, Launched

Plasmos

Space Truck

Space Tug, On-Orbit Servicing, In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Assembly, Transport Service (Re-Entry), Orbital Transportation

Cancelled, Development

Pythom

Olympus, Pythom Spaceship

Commercial Lander, Commercial Lunar Lander, Transport Service (Re-Entry), Commercial Space Station

Early stage

RadioBro

LASER (Lunar Ascent Sample Earth Return)

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Commercial Sample Return

Idea, Dormant

Raven Dynamics

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Early stage

Raven Space Systems

In-Space Manufacturing, Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Cancelled

Reditus Space

ENOS

Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Reusable Satellite, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Reenter Space

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), In-Space Manufacturing

Dormant, Early stage

ReOrbital

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development, ?

Rocket Factory Augsburg

ARGO

Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Earth-LEO)

Concept, Development

RTSS

ARGO

Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Dormant, Early stage

Serendipity Space

Reusable Satellite, Returnable Satellite, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

Shackleton Energy

Oryx, Mini Space Brake (MSB)

Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Manufacturing, Resources - Water, Resources - Asteroid Mining, Space Mining, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization)

Dormant

Sidereus

Meteoroid Complementary Descent Module, ASTREO

Space Tug, Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Logistics

Concept

Sierra Space

Dream Chaser, Shooting Star

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Development

Sierra Space

Ghost

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Development

Space Cargo

REV1

ISS Utilization Service, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

SEDevCo

Space Elevator, Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Early stage

Space Forge

ForgeStar, Aether

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), In-Space Manufacturing, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development, Launched

SpaceWorks Flight

RED-25, RED-DATA2, RED-XR

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Launched, Demonstrated, Development

SpaceX

Starship, Starship HLS, Starship Human Landing System

Human Landing System, Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Transport Service (LEO-Moon), Point-to-point

Development, Launched

SpaceX

Dragon, Dragon 2, Cargo Dragon

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Active

Stoke Space

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Point-to-point

Development

tSpace

Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Space Tourism Activities, Transport Service (Re-Entry)

t/Space (Transformational Space Corporation)

Dormant

Taramandal

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Reusable Satellite

Dormant

Thales Alenia

Transport Service (Re-Entry)

Development

The Exploration Company

Nyx

Development, Launched

The Fairchild Space Company

Commercial Space Station, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry)

The Fairchild Space Company

Dormant, Cancelled

Vanguard Space Industries

VSI-LAB

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite)

Early stage, Cancelled

Varda Space

Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Transport Service (Re-Entry), Recoverable Satellite, Reusable Satellite

Active

Way4Space

SpaceCase, SC-X01

Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)

Development, Launched