Created: 2023-01-22
Updated: 2025-09-06
Company - Space Solar
Product/Service - CASSIOPeiA
- Classification
- Space Utilities
- Category
- Space Solar Power
Power Beaming
In-Space Assembly
In-Space Manufacturing
- Fields
- Wireless Power Transfer
Large Space Structures
- Status
- Development
- First launch
- 2029
- Solar Reflectors – The orientation of the satellites is sun pointing to constantly reflect sunlight onto the solar panel array below.
- Solar Panels and Transmitters – 60,000 layers of power modules collect the sunlight from the reflectors and convert this to high-frequency radio waves.
- Power Transmission – A coherent, collimated beam of radio waves is transmitted to a rectifying antenna on the ground.
The ‘rectenna’ is a large but sparse net-like structure holding the small dipoles which convert the microwave energy into electricity.
It is typically several kilometres in diameter, though the area is just 8% of a wind farm delivering equivalent energy output, and could be sited offshore adjacent to wind farms.
CASSIOPeiA – the market leading Solar Power Satellite design
Of the Solar Power Satellite concepts which can deliver 24/7 baseload power, the most capable is CASSIOPeiA. Conceived by the UK company IECL it has patented design features which offer strong economic and operational benefits, with a best-in-class specific power predicted to be 1 kW/kg.
This results in a low Levelised Cost of Electricity competitive with intermittent terrestrial renewables.
Space Solar Takes Major Step Forward with its CASSIOPeiA Concept, 2023-02-07
- The UK’s leading space-based solar power (SBSP) company, Space Solar, today announces the results of a detailed engineering design and analysis study which confirms the performance characteristics for its CASSIOPeiA Solar Power Satellite concept. The results are further supported by Space Solar’s ongoing wireless power beaming hardware test programme.
- The study, delivered in partnership with Frazer-Nash Consultancy, has further advanced Space Solar’s design, looking in detail at both ground and spacecraft systems.
- The CASSIOPeiA Solar Power Satellite design has already been shown to have strong differentiators compared with other concepts for SBSP, delivering continuous power, highly competitive economics and with the ability to operate in a range of different orbits to deliver affordable energy into global markets.
- This study has established the baseline design in critical areas of structure, thermal management, attitude and orbit control, photovoltaics and light path, with the performance and mass targets met.
- Initial findings from the company’s HARRIER wireless power transmission demonstrator have also fed into the study, and helped to optimise the design. Priority areas for development in the next stage are now confirmed.
As of 2024, the timeline plans are:
Breakthrough coming? Iceland could get solar power from space in 2030, Tereza Pultarova, 2024-10-24.
- The space solar power project, announced on Monday (Oct. 21), is a partnership between U.K.-based Space Solar, Reykjavik Energy and Icelandic sustainability initiative Transition Labs.
- It intends to launch a demonstrator satellite by 2030, which will beam to Earth 30 megawatts of clean energy — enough to power about 3,000 homes.
- The power-beaming satellite will weigh 70.5 tons (64 metric tons), be about 1,312 feet (400 meters) wide (including its solar arrays) and circle the planet in medium Earth orbit, a near-space region at altitudes between 1,241 miles and 22,000 miles (2,000 and 36,000 kilometers).
- By 2036, the partners want to build a fleet of six such space-based solar power stations, capable of supplying gigawatts of clean electricity to users on Earth 24/7 regardless of weather. By the mid-2040s, Space Solar's orbiting power plants could be delivering over 15 gigawatts of energy.
- Space Solar said the development and manufacturing of the pilot plant will cost $800 million. The system will provide electricity at about one-quarter the cost of nuclear power, at $2.25 billion per gigawatt, the company added, making it competitive with Earth-based renewable sources
- Each of the 30-megawatt solar farms will be delivered to orbit by a single launch of SpaceX's Starship megarocket, Space Solar envisions.
Space Solar Completes Design Study for CASSIOPeiA Satellite, 2025-04-28.
- Space Solar has completed CASSiDi, an 18-month, 1.7 million pound ($2.26 million) project designed to advance the design maturity of its CASSIOPeiA satellite.
- Space Solar said the study confirms that solar power satellite mass targets are achievable, a key driver of the capital cost and the low levelized cost of electricity.
- The CASSIOPeiA satellite design uses reflectors and a helical array to continuously collect solar energy and beam it to ground-based receivers via high-frequency radio waves.
- Space Solar is now accelerating towards deployment, with plans to deliver a megawatt-scale commercial system within five years and expand to a full product range from 30 MW to GigaWatt-scale within 12 years.
AlbaTRUSS
- Completed AlbaTRUSS, proof-of-concept project to demonstrate the feasibility of autonomous in-space assembly for solar power satellites. Delivered in partnership with UKAEA’s RACE robotics division and supported by the STFC Cross Cluster Proof of Concept grant.
- The AlbaTRUSS demonstrator showcased the successful robotic assembly of a scaled structural truss bay using dual-arm robotic manipulators at UKAEA’s advanced test facilities.
- This structural truss, or longeron, forms a core element of the ultra-lightweight satellite framework required to deploy Space Solar’s flagship CASSIOPeiA system.
- AlbaTRUSS was designed to demonstrate the core truss assembly concept using Space Solar’s Transporter robots, while capturing critical insights to refine future autonomous assembly systems.
- The project also established a clear roadmap for larger-scale in-orbit demonstrators and deepened collaboration between Space Solar and UKAEA to strengthen the UK’s leadership in the rapidly growing In-Space Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM) sector.
- By validating the assembly process in a real-world robotics lab using off-the-shelf and 3D printed components, AlbaTRUSS proves that Space Solar’s high-throughput, scalable approach is not only feasible but well-placed for rapid commercialisation.
- The successful delivery of AlbaTRUSS follows the recent completion of CASSiDi, Space Solar’s £1.7 million UK Space Agency and DESNZ-funded project that advanced the maturity of the CASSIOPeiA satellite and wireless power transmission system. Together, the two programmes position Space Solar as the global leader in space-based solar power.
Status Comment
Planning a major demonstration of Megawatt scale power beamed from space by 2029.
Notes
- Space Solar and Thales Alenia Space in the UK working together to deliver Space-Based Solar Power, 2023-10-30.
- Bringing Space-Based Solar Power Closer to Market: Space Solar Partners with Transition Labs, 2024-04-23.
- HARRIER Prototype 4 , 2025.
- Space Solar Completes Design Study for CASSIOPeiA Satellite, 2025-04-28.
- The final frontier for solar power generation, 2025-08-07.
News, Research, Projects and Patents
| Title | Type | Date | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breakthrough coming? Iceland could get solar power from space in 2030 | Article | 2024-10-24 | |
| Saudi Arabia’s NEOM plans solar power station in space | News | 2023-01-19 |
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Cancelled
3D BioFabrication Facility (BFF), 3D-BioSystem Facility
In-Space Manufacturing, Microgravity Research Payloads
Demonstrated
Transport Service (Re-Entry), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant, Early stage
Stargate, Terran-R, Terran-1
Surface Habitats, Space Construction Company, Commercial Space Station, In-Space Manufacturing, Space Data Centre
Concept, Development
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Assembly
Early stage
RUBY SKY, JAM: Jervis Autonomy Module , LUNINT
In-Space Manufacturing, Deep Space Navigation, Hardware
Concept
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated
Oryx, Mini Space Brake (MSB)
Transport Service (Re-Entry), In-Space Manufacturing, Resources - Water, Resources - Asteroid Mining, Space Mining, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization)
Dormant
Veggie, XROOTS
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization), Resources - Space Debris Utilization
Concept
In-Space Manufacturing, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization)
Development
Solein
In-Space Manufacturing
Development
SEuPS – Space Euglena Production System
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant, Concept
Aperture
In-Space Manufacturing, Surface Habitats
Concept
Resources - Asteroid Mining, Space Mining, In-Space Manufacturing
Development
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated
Skybeam
In-Space Manufacturing
Development
ISS Utilization Service, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), In-Space Production, In-Space Manufacturing
Active
Space-CU
In-Space Manufacturing, ISS Utilization Service, Space-Flown
Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing
Development
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant, Development
ForgeStar, Aether
Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), In-Space Manufacturing, Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Development, Launched
In-Space Manufacturing, Robotic Arm
Development
OT-S, Optimus-1
Space Tug, In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Logistics, Transport Service (LEO-GEO), In-Space Mobility, Active Debris Removal (ADR), In-Space Assembly, Space Situational Awareness (SSA)
Development, Launched
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant, Early stage
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Assembly, In-Space Joining
Development
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant
Vertical Adaptive Greenhouses Farm (VAGF)
In-Space Manufacturing, Hardware
Early stage
Space Naem, Clinostat, 3D Space Food Printer
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant
Orbital Logistics Vehicle (OLV), m-OLV
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Assembly, Space Tug, Transport Service (LEO-GEO), Lunar Electric Grid, Power Beaming
Development
Space Resources, Resources - Asteroid Mining, Space Mining, In-Space Manufacturing
Early stage
SpaceMD
In-Space Manufacturing
Development, Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing
Development
Software, Hardware, In-Space Manufacturing
Development
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated, Launched
Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Robotic Space Station, Microgravity Research Payloads, In-Space Manufacturing, Orbital Transportation, Transport Service (LEO-GEO)
Development
Starlab Oasis
In-Space Manufacturing
Dormant
ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization), In-Space Manufacturing
Development
Space Whiskey
In-Space Manufacturing
Early stage
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated
Refabricator, SpiderFab, LEO Knight
In-Space Manufacturing, On-Orbit Servicing, In-Space Assembly, In-Space Communications Relay, Robotic Arm
Cancelled, Launched, Acquired
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Assembly
Development
POP3D
In-Space Manufacturing, Hardware, Commercial Space Station
Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization)
Concept
Nyx
Transport Service (Earth-LEO), Transport Service (LEO-Moon), In-Space Manufacturing, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO), Microgravity Flight Service (Reusable Satellite), Commercial Lander, Commercial Lunar Lander, Transport Service (Re-Entry)
Development, Launched
Worker Bee, Sutter Space Telescope
Space Tug, Space Situational Awareness (SSA), Resources - Asteroid Mining, Propellant Refuel Station, Space Mining, In-Space Manufacturing, ISRU (In Situ Resource Utilization), Propellant Refilling, Active Debris Removal (ADR)
Development
In-Space Manufacturing, Space Construction Equipment
Concept
In-Space Manufacturing
Cancelled
In-Space Manufacturing
Demonstrated, Launched
In-Space Manufacturing
Early stage
Luna-Crete, Constellation Vault
In-Space Manufacturing, Space Construction Company, Space Construction Equipment, Commercial Rover, Space Mining
Dormant
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Production
Demonstrated, Development
In-Space Manufacturing, In-Space Production
Cancelled
SAFER (Satellite After Fully Enclosed Recycler)
In-Space Manufacturing
Concept
In-Space Manufacturing, Hardware, Space Laboratory Equipment
Demonstrated
In-Space Manufacturing
Concept
Space Oven
In-Space Manufacturing
Launched, Demonstrated
BAM-FX
In-Space Manufacturing, Microgravity Flight Service (LEO)
Dormant, Development